CrossMark Policy

CrossMark is a multi-publisher initiative that aims to provide a standardized method for readers to find the most recent version of a piece of content. By using the CrossMark logo, the publisher, Innovation Economics Frontiers, commits to maintaining the content it publishes and notifying readers of changes as they occur. Clicking on the CrossMark logo will display the document's current status as well as additional publication record information.

Retraction Policy

The publisher, ICR Publications Ltd, UK, and the IEF adhere strictly to the COPE Guidelines for Retractions. Any necessary retractions will follow these best practices to ensure integrity and transparency.

Correction Policy

To maintain trust with readers, the publisher replaces original articles with corrected versions whenever necessary. This ensures that the audience has access to the most recent and accurate version of a published paper, avoiding misunderstandings and misinformation.