Open Access Article

Analyzing the Impact of Income Inequality on Women Empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan

Authors

Misbah Bashir(1) Misbah Bashir Affiliation PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Other articles by this author , Muhammad Umar Farooq(2) Muhammad Umar Farooq Affiliation Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Other articles by this author , Abdul Majeed Nadeem(3) Abdul Majeed Nadeem Corresponding author Affiliation Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Email addressmajeednadeem@gcuf.edu.pk Other articles by this author

  1. PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

https://doi.org/10.36923/jcmi.v6i2.669

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Abstract

The present study investigates the impact of income inequality on women’s empowerment in the districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Data on income inequality, women's empowerment, and other variables of interest are drawn from four waves of the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey for the period 2008 to 2018. Three aspects, including education, health, and political participation of women, have been considered in the measurement of the women empowerment index. A fixed-effects approach is applied for the empirical evaluation of the data. The empirical outcomes show that a reduction in income inequality is significantly helpful in enhancing women’s empowerment across all districts.

Article information

Keywords
inequalitywomen empowermentfixed effect approachPunjabPakistan
Section
Articles
Issue
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Submitted
December 8, 2025
Accepted
December 12, 2025
Published
December 27, 2025
Corresponding author
Abdul Majeed Nadeem
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