Exploring How Income Inequality, Education, and Policy Shape Energy Access Disparities in Southeast Asia
Article Sidebar
-
Energy Policy, Sustainable Development, Community Participation, Energy Access Disparity, Energy Justice, Southeast Asian Nations
Abstract
The pursuance of Sustainable Development Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy, takes center stage in this research in the vibrant geography of Southeast Asia. This investigation centers on the social and economic ramifications of renewable energy policy, examining the various factors that influence energy fairness and justice. The study aims to determine how financial disparity, community participation, education, policy support, and geographical constraints affected energy access discrepancies in a panel of nine selected Southeast Asian countries from 2000 to 2023. The study employed a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and robust least squares regression for estimation. Income inequality negatively and significantly affects energy access disparity (EAD) in the panel ARDL model. Community involvement and education improve energy accessibility. Education raises awareness of sustainable energy practices and technology, which increases energy-efficient solution adoption. Community involvement affects inclusive energy access and environmental sustainability policies, and public opinion. Additionally, geographical obstacles and public support are correlated positively, indicating that practical policy actions and investments can increase energy availability. Centralized infrastructure, technology, and egalitarian energy solutions may overcome geographical obstacles. Finally, policy support has an "inverted U-shaped" pattern, suggesting that it may promote socioeconomic growth and reduce energy access inequities. The study provides deep insights that can influence targeted policy choices and promote a sustainable and inclusive energy future for Southeast Asian countries.
Full text article
References
Abd Aziz, A. J., Baharuddin, N. A., Khalid, R. M., & Kamarudin, S. K. (2024). Review of the policies and development programs for renewable energy in Malaysia: Progress, achievements, and challenges. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 42(4), 1472–1501. https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241227509
Abulibdeh, A., Zaidan, E., & Abulibdeh, R. (2024). Navigating the confluence of artificial intelligence and education for sustainable development in the era of Industry 4.0: Challenges, opportunities, and ethical dimensions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140527
Acheampong, A. O., Dzator, J., & Shahbaz, M. (2021). Empowering the powerless: Does access to energy improve income inequality? Energy Economics, 99, 105288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105288
Adom, P. K., Agradi, M., & Vezzulli, A. (2021). Energy efficiency-economic growth nexus: What is the role of income inequality? Journal of Cleaner Production, 310, 127382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127382
Afridi, Z. U. R., Ullah, K., Mustafa, M. F., Saleem, H., Shaker, B., Ashraf, N., & Aslam, S. (2023). Biogas as a sustainable approach for social uplift in South East Asian Region. Energy Reports, 10, 4808–4818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.11.037
Aleluia, J., Tharakan, P., Chikkatur, A. P., Shrimali, G., & Chen, X. (2022). Accelerating a clean energy transition in Southeast Asia: Role of governments and public policy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 159, 112226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112226
Ali, Q., Raza, A., Narjis, S., Saeed, S., & Khan, M. T. I. (2020). Potential of renewable energy, agriculture, and the financial sector for economic growth: Evidence from politically free, partly free, and not free countries. Renewable Energy, 162, 934–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.055
Amalu, E. H., Short, M., Chong, P. L., Hughes, D. J., Adebayo, D. S., Tchuenbou-Magaia, F., ... & Ekere, N. N. (2023). Critical skills needs and challenges for STEM/STEAM graduates increased employability and entrepreneurship in the solar energy sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 187, 113776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113776
Amankwah, O., Yahong, W., Ofori, E. K., & Sarfo, P. A. (2024). Accessing the impact of poverty age groupings on carbon neutrality targets: Scenarios from developing Sub-Saharan African countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(5), 7628–7645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31585-3
Apergis, N., Polemis, M., & Soursou, S. E. (2022). Energy poverty and education: Fresh evidence from a panel of developing countries. Energy Economics, 106, 105430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105430
Asiedu, M., Effah, N. A. A., & Aboagye, E. M. (2023). Finance, poverty-income inequality, energy consumption and the CO2 emissions nexus in Africa. *Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 3*(3), 214–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-12-2021-0167
Azimi, S., Hon, C. K., Tyvimaa, T., & Skitmore, M. (2024). Adoption of energy-efficiency measures by Australian low-income households. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 39, 909–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-023-10104-3
Bai, W., Zhang, L., Lu, S., Ren, J., & Zhou, Z. (2023). Sustainable energy transition in Southeast Asia: Energy status analysis, comprehensive evaluation, and influential factor identification. Energy, 284, 128670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128670
Balasubramanian, P., Burchi, F., & Malerba, D. (2023). Does economic growth reduce multidimensional poverty? Evidence from low-and middle-income countries. World Development, 161, 106119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106119
Bishoge, O. K., Kombe, G. G., & Mvile, B. N. (2020). Community participation in the renewable energy sector in Tanzania: Community participation in the renewable energy sector. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, 28, 121–134.
Bouzarovski, S., & Tirado Herrero, S. (2015). The energy divide: Integrating energy transitions, regional inequalities and poverty trends in the European Union. European Urban and Regional Studies, 24(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776415596449
Burgess, M. G., Van Boven, L., Wagner, G., Wong-Parodi, G., Baker, K., Boykoff, M., ... & Vandenbergh, M. P. (2024). Supply, demand, and polarization challenges facing US climate policies. Nature Climate Change, 14(2), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01906-y
Cao, Q., Feng, Z., Yang, R., & Yang, C. (2024). Conflict and natural resource condition: An examination based on national power heterogeneity. Resources Policy, 89, 104549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104549
Chaurey, A., Krithika, P. R., Palit, D., Rakesh, S., & Sovacool, B. K. (2012). New partnerships and business models for facilitating energy access. Energy Policy, 47, 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.031
Cheng, X., Yan, C., Ye, K., & Chen, K. (2024). Enhancing resource efficiency through the utilization of the green bond market: An empirical analysis of Asian economies. Resources Policy, 89, 104623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104623
Coleman, N., Esmalian, A., Lee, C. C., Gonzales, E., Koirala, P., & Mostafavi, A. (2023). Energy inequality in climate hazards: Empirical evidence of social and spatial disparities in managed and hazard-induced power outages. Sustainable Cities and Society, 92, 104491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104491
Coy, D., Malekpour, S., Saeri, A. K., & Dargaville, R. (2021). Rethinking community empowerment in the energy transformation: A critical review of the definitions, drivers and outcomes. Energy Research & Social Science, 72, 101871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101871
Crawfurd, L., Hares, S., & Todd, R. (2024). The impact of private schools, school chains and PPPs in developing countries. The World Bank Research Observer, 39(1), 97–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkad005
Dang, A. N., Jackson, B. M., Benavidez, R., & Tomscha, S. A. (2021). Review of ecosystem service assessments: Pathways for policy integration in Southeast Asia. Ecosystem Services, 49, 101266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101266
Dias, R. A., Mattos, C. R., & Balestieri, J. A. (2004). Energy education: Breaking up the rational energy use barriers. Energy Policy, 32(11), 1339–1347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00100-9
Dong, K., Dou, Y., & Jiang, Q. (2022). Income inequality, energy poverty, and energy efficiency: Who cause who and how? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 121622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121622
Dong, K., Jiang, Q., Liu, Y., Shen, Z., & Vardanyan, M. (2024). Is energy aid allocated fairly? A global energy vulnerability perspective. World Development, 173, 106409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106409
Dong, W., Li, Y., Gao, P., & Sun, Y. (2023). Role of trade and green bond market in renewable energy deployment in Southeast Asia. Renewable Energy, 204, 313–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.022
Dong, X. Y., & Hao, Y. (2018). Would income inequality affect electricity consumption? Evidence from China. Energy, 142, 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.027
Edsand, H. E., & Bångens, L. (2024). Power struggles: Advances and roadblocks of solar powered mini grids in Tanzania. Energy Reports, 11, 342–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.12.010
Farzana, N., Qamruzzaman, M., Islam, Y., & Mindia, P. M. (2023). Nexus between personal remittances, financial deepening, urbanization, and renewable energy consumption in selected Southeast Asian countries: Evidence from linear and nonlinear assessment. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(6), 270–287. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14872
Feng, Y., Hu, J., Afshan, S., Irfan, M., Hu, M., & Abbas, S. (2023). Bridging resource disparities for sustainable development: A comparative analysis of resource-rich and resource-scarce countries. Resources Policy, 85, 103981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103981
Fournier, A., Martinez, A., & Iglesias, G. (2023). Impacts of climate change on wind energy potential in Australasia and South-East Asia following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Science of The Total Environment, 882, 163347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163347
Furszyfer Del Rio, D. D., Sovacool, B. K., Griffiths, S., Foley, A. M., & Furszyfer Del Rio, J. (2023). A cross-country analysis of sustainability, transport, and energy poverty. npj Urban Sustainability, 3(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00121-0
Gajdzik, B., Jaciow, M., Wolniak, R., Wolny, R., & Grebski, W. W. (2024). Diagnosis of the development of energy cooperatives in Poland:A case study of a renewable energy cooperative in the Upper Silesian region. Energies, 17(3), 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030647
Ghorbani, Y., Zhang, S. E., Nwaila, G. T., Bourdeau, J. E., & Rose, D. H. (2023). Embracing a diverse approach to a globally inclusive green energy transition: Moving beyond decarbonisation and recognising realistic carbon reduction strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140414
Gobel, R. K., Laksmono, B. S., Huseini, M., & Siscawati, M. (2024). Equity and efficiency: An examination of Indonesia’s energy subsidy policy and pathways to inclusive reform. Sustainability, 16(1), 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010407
Golubchikov, O., & O’Sullivan, K. (2020). Energy periphery: Uneven development and the precarious geographies of low-carbon transition. Energy and Buildings, 211, 109818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109818
Gu, B., Zhai, H., An, Y., Khanh, N. Q., & Ding, Z. (2023). Low-carbon transition of Southeast Asian power systems, A SWOT analysis. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 58, 103361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103361
Haq, I. U., Mehmed, B., Naradda Gamage, S. K., Allayarov, P., Khan, D., & Khattak, Z. Z. (2022). Nexus between export variety and carbon emissions in Pakistan: The role of FDI and technological development. PLoS ONE, 17(1), e0263066. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263066
Hardi, I., Ray, S., Attari, M. U. Q., Ali, N., & Idroes, G. M. (2024). Innovation and economic growth in the top five southeast asian economies: A decomposition analysis. Ekonomikalia Journal of Economics, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.60084/eje.v2i1.145
Hartwig, T., & Nguyen, T. T. (2023). Local infrastructure, rural households’ resilience capacity and poverty: Evidence from panel data for Southeast Asia. Journal of Economics and Development, 25(1), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JED-10-2022-0199
Hassan, S. T., Batool, B., Zhu, B., & Khan, I. (2022). Environmental complexity of globalization, education, and income inequalities: New insights of energy poverty. Journal of Cleaner Production, 340, 130735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130735
Huber, P. J. (1992). Robust estimation of a location parameter. In S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Eds.), Breakthroughs in statistics (pp. 492–518). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_35
Hussain, S., Xuetong, W., Maqbool, R., Hussain, M., & Shahnawaz, M. (2022). The influence of government support, organizational innovativeness, and community participation in renewable energy project success: A case of Pakistan. Energy, 239, 122172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122172
Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7
Jayasinghe, M., Selvanathan, E. A., & Selvanathan, S. (2021). Energy poverty in Sri Lanka. Energy Economics, 101, 105450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105450
Katoch, O. R., Sharma, R., Parihar, S., & Nawaz, A. (2024). Energy poverty and its impacts on health and education: A systematic review. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 18(2), 411–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-10-2022-0007
Khamjalas, K. (2024). Exploring the spatial dynamics of FEW nexus policies and their impact on income inequality using spatial econometric models: Evidence from Southeast Asian countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.15789
Khan, F., & Heinecker, P. (2018). Inequality and energy: Revisiting the relationship between disparity of income distribution and energy use from a complex systems perspective. Energy Research & Social Science, 42, 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.03.026
Khan, M. T. I., Anwar, S., Sarkodie, S. A., Yaseen, M. R., Nadeem, A. M., & Ali, Q. (2022). Comprehensive disaster resilience index: Pathway towards risk-informed sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 366, 132937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132937
Lammers, K., Bertheau, P., & Blechinger, P. (2020). Exploring requirements for sustainable energy supply planning with regard to climate resilience of Southeast Asian islands. Energy Policy, 146, 111770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111770
Lawal, O. A., Jimoh, A. A., Abdullah, K. A., Bello, B. A., & Awoyemi, E. D. (2024). Economic and environmental impact of energy audit and efficiency: A report from a Nigeria household. Energy for Sustainable Development, 79, 101387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101387
Lee, C. C., & Yuan, Z. (2024). Impact of energy poverty on public health: A non-linear study from an international perspective. World Development, 174, 106444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106444
Lei, L., Ozturk, I., Murshed, M., Abrorov, S., Alvarado, R., & Mahmood, H. (2023). Environmental innovations, energy innovations, governance, and environmental sustainability: Evidence from South and Southeast Asian countries. Resources Policy, 82, 103556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103556
Lestari, S. D., Leon, F. M., Riyadi, S., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2024). Comparison and implementation of environmental law policies in handling climate change in ASEAN countries: A comparative study of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(2), 687–700. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14998
Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7
Li, D., Ge, F., & Li, T. (2024a). Empirical analysis of solutions for metal ore mining sustainability. Resources Policy, 88, 104387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104387
Li, S., Sun, H., Sharif, A., Bashir, M., & Bashir, M. F. (2024b). Economic complexity, natural resource abundance and education: Implications for sustainable development in BRICST economies. Resources Policy, 89, 104572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104572
Lim, G., Li, C., & Ji, X. (2022). Chinese financial statecraft in Southeast Asia: An analysis of China’s infrastructure provision in Malaysia. The Pacific Review, 35(4), 647–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2020.1868556
Lin, Y., Mahmood, M. A., Meng, W., & Ali, Q. (2024). Green economy transition in Asia Pacific: A holistic assessment of renewable energy production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140648
Liu, B., Sun, H., & Xiao, S. (2024a). Potential of pension funds and insurance companies for investment in resources: Policies for sustainable transition. Resources Policy, 89, 104618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104618
Liu, H., Wang, X., Wang, Z., & Cheng, Y. (2024b). Does digitalization mitigate regional inequalities? Evidence from China. Geography and Sustainability, 5(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2023.09.007
Mahalik, M. K., Patel, G., Sahoo, B. K., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Impact of income inequality on renewable energy demand in South Asian economies. Energy Policy, 180, 113628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113628
McNamara, K. E., Clissold, R., Westoby, R., Piggott-McKellar, A. E., Kumar, R., Clarke, T., ... & Nunn, P. D. (2020). An assessment of community-based adaptation initiatives in the Pacific Islands. Nature Climate Change, 10(7), 628–639. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0813-1
Mia, M. T., Islam, M., Sakin, J., & Al-Hamadi, J. (2022). The role of community participation and community-based planning in sustainable community development. Asian People Journal, 5(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2022.5.1.296
Mohazzem Hossain, S., Biswas, S., & Raihan Uddin, M. (2024). Sustainable energy transition in Bangladesh: Challenges and pathways for the future. Engineering Reports, 6(1), e12752. https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12752
Moosavian, S. F., Noorollahi, Y., & Shoaei, M. (2024). Renewable energy resources utilization planning for sustainable energy system development on a stand-alone island. Journal of Cleaner Production, 439, 140892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140892
Muhammad, I., Ozcan, R., Jain, V., Sharma, P., & Shabbir, M. S. (2022). Does environmental sustainability affect the renewable energy consumption? Nexus among trade openness, CO2 emissions, income inequality, renewable energy, and economic growth in OECD countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(60), 90147–90157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22011-1
Murshed, M. (2020). An empirical analysis of the non-linear impacts of ICT-trade openness on renewable energy transition, energy efficiency, clean cooking fuel access and environmental sustainability in South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(29), 36254–36281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09497-3
Murshed, M. (2023). A regional appraisal of electricity accessibility determinants: The relevance of international remittances, clean energy, income inequality, and institutional quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(17), 51228–51244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25889-7
Nguyen, C. P., & Nasir, M. A. (2021). An inquiry into the nexus between energy poverty and income inequality in the light of global evidence. Energy Economics, 99, 105289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105289
Nia, E. M., Qian, Q. K., & Visscher, H. J. (2024). Occupants’ inquiries for energy efficiency retrofitting in the Netherlands. Energy and Buildings, 304, 113990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.113990
Ofélia de Queiroz, F. A., Morte, I. B. B., Borges, C. L., Morgado, C. R., & de Medeiros, J. L. (2024). Beyond clean and affordable transition pathways: A review of issues and strategies to sustainable energy supply. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 155, 109544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109544
Omotoye, G. B., Bello, B. G., Tula, S. T., Kess-Momoh, A. J., Daraojimba, A. I., & Adefemi, A. (2024). Navigating global energy markets: A review of economic and policy impacts. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0029
Paché, G. (2024). Do tensions in the South China Sea herald the collapse of global supply chains? International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, 15(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijmvsc.2024.15301
Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 653–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.61.s1.14
Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel cointegration: Asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20(3), 597–625. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466604203073
Pedroni, P. (2013). Structural panel VARs. Econometrics, 1(2), 180–206. https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics1020180
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. P. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
Peters, R., Berlekamp, J., Kabiri, C., Kaplin, B. A., Tockner, K., & Zarfl, C. (2024). Sustainable pathways towards universal renewable electricity access in Africa. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 5(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00501-1
Primbetova, M., Sharipov, K., Allayarov, P., & Haq, I. U. (2022). Investigating the impact of globalization on environmental degradation in Kazakhstan. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 896652. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.896652
Quirapas, M. A. J. R., & Taeihagh, A. (2021). Ocean renewable energy development in Southeast Asia: Opportunities, risks and unintended consequences. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137, 110403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110403
Raihan, A., Bala, S., Akther, A., Ridwan, M., Eleais, Md., & Chakma, P. (2024). Advancing environmental sustainability in the G-7: The impact of the digital economy, technological innovation, and financial accessibility using the panel ARDL approach. Journal of Economy and Technology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ject.2024.06.001
Raza, A., Khan, M. T. I., Ali, Q., Hussain, T., & Narjis, S. (2021). Association between meteorological indicators and the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 40378–40393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11203-2
Rontos, K., Syrmali, M. E., Salvati, L., & Vavouras, I. (2024). Competitiveness, corruption, and income inequalities: Approaching the ‘Janus’ face of development with simultaneous equation modelling. Quality & Quantity, 58(1), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-023-01644-5
Rüland, J. (2023). The long shadow of the developmental state: Energy infrastructure and environmental sustainability in Southeast Asia. Third World Quarterly, 44(6), 1269–1287. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2178890
Russell-Bennett, R., Rosenbaum, M. S., Fisk, R. P., & Raciti, M. M. (2024). SDG editorial: Improving life on planet earth, A call to action for service research to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Journal of Services Marketing, 38(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-11-2023-0425
Saddique, T., Saleem, R., Ullah, A., & Amjad, M. (2024). The moderating role of per capita income in energy consumption-poverty nexus: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 59(1), 222–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221106091
Sakti, A. D., Rohayani, P., Izzah, N. A., Toya, N. A., Hadi, P. O., Octavianti, T., ... & Wikantika, K. (2023). Spatial integration framework of solar, wind, and hydropower energy potential in Southeast Asia. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 340. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25570-y
Seyedrezaei, M., Tak, A. N., & Becerik-Gerber, B. (2024). Consumption and conservation behaviors among affordable housing residents in Southern California. Energy and Buildings, 304, 113840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113840
Shahzadi, I., Yaseen, M. R., Iqbal Khan, M. T., Amjad Makhdum, M. S., & Ali, Q. (2022). The nexus between research and development, renewable energy, and environmental quality: Evidence from developed and developing countries. Renewable Energy, 190, 1089–1099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.050
Sharif, M., & Khan, F. N. (2023). Unveiling the implications of energy poverty for educational attainments in Pakistan: A multidimensional analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(5), 472–483. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14944
Sharifi, A., Allam, Z., Bibri, S. E., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2024). Smart cities and sustainable development goals (SDGs): A systematic literature review of co-benefits and trade-offs. Cities, 146, 104659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104659
Shyu, C. W. (2022). Energy poverty alleviation in Southeast Asian countries: Policy implications for improving access to electricity. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 15(1), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1770426
Streimikiene, D., & Kyriakopoulos, G. L. (2023). Energy poverty and low-carbon energy transition. Energies, 16(2), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020610
Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Rasoulinezhad, E., & Phoumin, H. (2022). Ways to achieve universal access to sustainable electricity in Southeast Asia. Economic Change and Restructuring, 55(4), 2031–2050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-022-09386-4
Tan, Y., & Uprasen, U. (2021). Carbon neutrality potential of the ASEAN-5 countries: Implications from asymmetric effects of income inequality on renewable energy consumption. Journal of Environmental Management, 299, 113635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113635
Ul Haq, I., Embergenov, B., & Allayarov, P. (2022). Nexus between sources of electricity production and environmental degradation in the context of the EKC hypothesis: A time series study for Pakistan. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(1), 436–443. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12495
Uzar, U. (2020). Is income inequality a driver for renewable energy consumption? Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120287
Vázquez, C. A. F., Vansighen, T., Fuentes, M. H. F., & Quoilin, S. (2024). Energy transition implications for Bolivia. Long-term modelling with short-term assessment of future scenarios. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 113946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113946
Wang, C., Wang, F., Mahmood, M. A., & Ali, Q. (2024). The impact of climate change, environment, and health worker density index on road accident fatalities: Evidence from the top ten pollution-emitting countries. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33(4), 3887–3902. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/175305
Wang, S., Xie, Z., & Wu, R. (2020). Examining the effects of education level inequality on energy consumption: Evidence from Guangdong Province. Journal of Environmental Management, 269, 110761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110761
Wanof, M. I. (2023). Digital technology innovation in improving financial access for low-income communities. Technology and Society Perspectives, 1(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.61100/tacit.v1i1.35
World Bank. (2024). World development indicators. The World Bank.
Yan, Y., Khan, K. A., Adebayo, T. S., & Olanrewaju, V. O. (2024). Unveiling energy efficiency and renewable electricity’s role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13 policies. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 31(5), 497–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2023.2300006
Zhang, J., Li, B., He, H., & Shen, Y. (2024). Natural resource dependence and renewable energy development: Does government policy support matter? Journal of Cleaner Production, 436, 140466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140466
Zhuang, J. (2023). Income and wealth inequality in Asia and the Pacific: Trends, causes, and policy remedies. Asian Economic Policy Review, 18(1), 15–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12399
Zou, Y., & Wang, M. (2024). Does environmental regulation improve energy transition performance in China? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 104, 107335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107335
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Syeda Anam Hassan, Inayatul Haq, Alamzeb Aamir, Ihtisham ul Haq, Khalid Zaman (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright / Open Access Policy: This journal provides immediate free open access and is distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). This is an open-access journal, which means readers can access it freely. Readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles for any lawful purpose without seeking prior permission from the publisher or author. This is consistent with the Budapest Open Access Initiative's (BOAI) definition of open access.
Article Details
How to Cite
Similar Articles
- Anthony Orji, Jovita Nneka Uwakwe, Onyinye Imelda Anthony-Orji, Jonathan Emenike Ogbuabor, Juliana Ngozi Obiorah, Foreign Direct Investment, Capital Flows, and Sectoral Growth in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of Agriculture and Manufacturing , Innovation Economics Frontiers: Vol. 28 No. 2 (2025)
- Anthony Orji, Elis Moses Onoh, Onyinye Imelda Anthony-Orji, Jonathan Emenike Ogbuabor, Oluchi Okoro, Joseph Fanen Akpesue, Tourism, Migration, And Productive Capacity Growth In Sub-Saharan Africa , Innovation Economics Frontiers: Vol. 28 No. 2 (2025)
- Ali Raza, Turgut Tursoy, Sadam Ali Balal, Sustainable Working Capital and Financial Performance in Cement Industry of Pakistan: An OLS Approach* , Innovation Economics Frontiers: Vol. 26 No. 1 (2023)
- Sarfaraz Javed, Sajjad Nazir, Ghulam Mustafa Malik, Azeem Ahmad Khan, Syed Jalil, Sustainable Practice of Ifrs And Economic Growth: Evidence From A Case Study on A Developing Country , Innovation Economics Frontiers: Vol. 27 No. 2 (2024)
- Hansol Lee, Kevin Troy Chua, Minsang Lee, The Sustainable Growth of Korean Listed Firms in the lens of Pay Disparity and Managerial Overconfidence , Innovation Economics Frontiers: Vol. 27 No. 2 (2024)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.