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• Open Access Article Economics

  16 Pages Download PDF: When Green Accounting Fails to Drive Green Energy: Institutional Quality and China’s Renewable Energy Transition

  When Green Accounting Fails to Drive Green Energy: Institutional Quality and China’s Renewable Energy Transition

  Saqib Munir, Mushab Rashid, Abdul Ghaffar

  2026-05-17 https://doi.org/10.36923/ie-frontiers.v29i1.426

  This study examines how institutional quality, government R&D expenditure, and SEEA-aligned environmental asset indicators are associated with renewable energy adoption in China from 1999 to 2023. It addresses the puzzle that environmental accounting signals and innovation investment do not automatically translate into renewable energy use. Annual data from the World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators were analyzed using a hybrid empirical strategy. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach was applied to estimate short-run and long-run relationships, while Double Machine Learning, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and SHAP interpretability were used as supplementary tools for robustness and predictive importance. Given the limited sample size, machine-learning results are interpreted as orthogonalized associations and as predictive evidence rather than as definitive causal effects. ARDL results show that regulatory quality has a positive and statistically significant long-run association with renewable energy adoption. In contrast, government R&D expenditure and adjusted net savings show negative associations, suggesting that innovation spending and fiscal capacity may not support renewable energy adoption unless directed toward deployment and energy-system substitution. Energy resource depletion is statistically insignificant, while natural resource rents show a weak positive long-run association. Machine-learning results identify government R&D expenditure as the strongest predictor, although its direction remains negative. The findings indicate that China’s renewable energy transition depends less on fiscal or technological inputs alone and more on the institutional capacity to convert these inputs into adoption outcomes. The study implies that SEEA-based indicators should be integrated with regulatory mechanisms, deployment-oriented innovation policy, and outcome-based evaluation of energy transition.

  pp. 25-40 Abstract views:516 Downloads:170

• Open Access Article Economics

  17 Pages Download PDF: Exploring How Income Inequality, Education, and Policy Shape Energy Access Disparities in Southeast Asia

  Exploring How Income Inequality, Education, and Policy Shape Energy Access Disparities in Southeast Asia

  Syeda Anam Hassan, Inayatul Haq, Alamzeb Aamir, Ihtisham ul Haq, Khalid Zaman

  2025-12-18 https://doi.org/10.36923/ie-frontiers.v28i2.403

  The pursuance of Sustainable Development Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy, takes center stage in this research in the vibrant geography of Southeast Asia. This investigation centers on the social and economic ramifications of renewable energy policy, examining the various factors that influence energy fairness and justice. The study aims to determine how financial disparity, community participation, education, policy support, and geographical constraints affected energy access discrepancies in a panel of nine selected Southeast Asian countries from 2000 to 2023. The study employed a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and robust least squares regression for estimation. Income inequality negatively and significantly affects energy access disparity (EAD) in the panel ARDL model. Community involvement and education improve energy accessibility. Education raises awareness of sustainable energy practices and technology, which increases energy-efficient solution adoption. Community involvement affects inclusive energy access and environmental sustainability policies, and public opinion. Additionally, geographical obstacles and public support are correlated positively, indicating that practical policy actions and investments can increase energy availability. Centralized infrastructure, technology, and egalitarian energy solutions may overcome geographical obstacles. Finally, policy support has an "inverted U-shaped" pattern, suggesting that it may promote socioeconomic growth and reduce energy access inequities. The study provides deep insights that can influence targeted policy choices and promote a sustainable and inclusive energy future for Southeast Asian countries.

  pp. 14-30 Abstract views:862 Downloads:181