Open Access Article July 6, 2024

14 Pages

Predictors And Correlators Of Acute Aortic Syndrome: A Critical Review Of Current Evidence

Authors

Rohan Vyas1,* , Jeuela Iris Ravindran2 , Lara Victoria Schmitt3 , Jason Osei-Bonsu4 , Nabil Jaarah5 , Wahaj Munir6 , Mohamad Bashir7 , Mohammed Idhrees8

  1. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
  2. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
  3. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, United Kingdom
  4. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
  5. GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London
  6. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, United Kingdom
  7. Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Health Education & Improvement Wales, Wales
  8. Institute of Cardiac and Aortic Disorders, SRM Institutes for Medical Science (SIMS Hospitals), Chennai
  9. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Journal of Heart Valve Disease Innovation 2024, 29(1), 16-29; https://doi.org/10.36923/jhvd.v29i1.210

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Abstract

Background: Acute Aortic Syndrome’s (AAS) is a group of acute emergencies that include aortic dissection, intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and impending or ruptured aortic aneurysms. Various precipitating factors have been associated with the development of AAS, but it is unclear whether these factors are correlators or predictors of the disease. A clear understanding of these elements could improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AAS, with an accurate appreciation for risk stratification. Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted through several electronic databases to collate papers within the literature discussing precipitating factors leading to AAS. These results were discussed and analysed, grouping the individual factors into predictors or correlators of AAS. Results: The factors identified as correlators were age, certain chronobiological patterns, polycystic kidney disease and immunology. The factors identified as predictors included genetics, omics, and kidney markers. D-dimer, diabetes mellitus and aortic size were not implicated in the development of AAS, with diabetes mellitus found to be protective against AAS. Conclusion: Recognising the precipitating factors that increase the risk of disease empowers clinicians to be more diligent regarding methods of AAS diagnosis and prevention, as well as enables improved treatment techniques to be implemented. These results are key as they can both potentially help reduce the AAS incidence rate and uncover new potential avenues of research that can be explored in the future.

Article information

Keywords
aortaacute aortic syndromeaortic dissectionaneurysmatherosclerosiscardiovascular disease
Section
Articles
Issue
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2024)
Submitted
May 2, 2024
Accepted
June 11, 2024
Published
July 6, 2024
Corresponding author
Rohan Vyas
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