This study assessed the influence of crop farming on soil chemical properties within the Tungu–Nithi sub-catchment, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Soil samples were collected from twelve sites, comprising six crop (T1–T6) and six non-crop (N1–N6) locations across the upper, middle, and lower sections of the watershed. The parameters analyzed included soil pH, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate. In addition, farmer perceptions regarding the influence of agricultural practices on soil quality were evaluated using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test. The results revealed significant spatial and land-use variations in soil properties (p < 0.05). Cultivated areas exhibited consistently lower pH values, indicating increased soil acidity associated with the application of ammonium-based fertilizers in tea, maize, and coffee farming. Nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in crop sites across all sections, with peak levels recorded in the middle section. Similarly, phosphate and sulphate concentrations were elevated in cultivated soils, particularly in the middle and lower sections, reflecting intensive farming practices, fertilizer inputs, irrigation, and nutrient transport processes. Farmer perception data supported these findings, as the majority of respondents acknowledged that fertilizer use, irrigation, pesticide application, and monocropping influence soil conditions. These findings demonstrate that crop farming significantly alters soil chemical properties within the sub-catchment, highlighting the need for sustainable soil and watershed management strategies to prevent nutrient accumulation and environmental degradation.

In the context of the global transition to carbon neutrality, photovoltaic power generation has become an important driver of clean energy expansion. In response to the practical problems of inconsistent accounting standards in the photovoltaic industry and the fragmentation of related research dimensions, this paper examines the actual effects of financial accounting standardization on the operational costs, financial risks, financing efficiency, and market value of photovoltaic enterprises. Using 72-panel observation data on 12 A-share photovoltaic-listed companies from 2021 to 2026 as the research sample, a regression analysis was conducted using the two-way fixed-effects model. Based on the annual report text, the four standardized levels of cost accounting, risk control, green financing, and carbon asset disclosure were measured using a 1-5 Likert scale, and all continuous variables were subjected to 1% bilateral truncation. The regression results show that the coefficient of cost accounting standardization is -0.103, and the coefficient of financial risk control improvement is -0.138. Both are significantly reducing enterprise operational costs and asset-liability risks at the 1% statistical level. The coefficient of green financing diversification is 0.076, and the coefficient of carbon asset standardized disclosure is 0.105. Both are significantly improving enterprise financing efficiency and Tobin’s Q valuation at the 1% statistical level. All research hypotheses are supported by the data. Based on the empirical findings, this paper proposes practical recommendations for cost allocation, risk warning, green financing, and carbon asset accounting. The related quantitative conclusions can provide an empirical basis for financial management in photovoltaic enterprises and for the formulation of industry accounting norms.

This paper examines how climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and digital early-warning systems can jointly support household food-security resilience in Chivi District, a drought-prone area of south-eastern Zimbabwe dominated by rain-fed smallholder agriculture. Using a structured qualitative evidence synthesis with a district-centred case orientation, the study reviews 47 academic, policy and institutional sources published from 2021 to 14 September 2026. The study prioritises direct Chivi evidence, while using Zimbabwean, southern African, and wider African evidence comparatively where district-specific studies are limited. The synthesis identifies six interrelated themes concerning climate shocks, CSA adoption, small grains and water management, digital early warning, gender and institutional capacity, and integrated resilience. The findings indicate that CSA can strengthen food security when extension, inputs, finance, and markets support conservation agriculture, crop diversification, small grains, soil-fertility management, and water harvesting. However, digital early-warning information contributes to resilience only when it is timely, trusted, localised and translated into feasible action. Accordingly, the paper's principal contribution is an integrated smart-resilience framework centred on an information-to-action pathway: climate information can influence household food-security resilience only when farmers have viable adaptation options and the material, social and institutional capacity to act. The paper therefore treats digital information, agronomic adaptation, gender, household resources and local institutions as interdependent rather than separate interventions.

This study examines how community-based communication shapes public understanding and participation in sustainability initiatives surrounding the development of Indonesia’s new capital, Nusantara. The research focuses on five partner regions in East Kalimantan: Balikpapan City, Samarinda City, Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) Regency, Kutai Kartanegara (Kukar) Regency, and Paser Regency. Using a qualitative multiple-case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten key informants, including indigenous leaders, youth representatives, community leaders, and local government public relations officials. The findings reveal that although formal communication channels, such as government events, digital platforms, and public outreach programs, are widely used to disseminate information about Nusantara’s development, community understanding of sustainability narratives is largely shaped by informal, interpersonal communication networks. Social gatherings, cultural forums, and everyday community interactions function as mediating spaces that translate policy narratives into locally meaningful practices. Cross-case analysis further identifies recurring patterns of fragmented communication structures, generational differences, and tensions between centralized policy narratives and decentralized governance contexts. The study proposes community-based communication as a bridging mechanism connecting national sustainability discourse with local participatory legitimacy in large-scale development initiatives.